Osteoinductive chemically crosslinked hydrogel enables hydroxyapatite formation, enhanced by release of dexamethasone, strontium, and zinc, and exhibits antimicrobial properties

Abstract

Injectable hydrogels have the ability to bridge sites of bone fractures, favouring bone regeneration processes such as osteoinduction followed by osteoconduction, thereby restoring bone functions in terms of structural stability and support. The ideal material would also prevent the development of infections. Osteoinductive, osteoconductive, and antimicrobial hydrogels have not been developed yet. A hydrogel was prepared using poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate and 2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate, with bis[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] phosphate as a crosslinker; dexamethasone and Sr and Zn ions were also incorporated. Dexamethasone and Sr and Zn ions were added into the hydrogel to encourage both bone regeneration and provide an antibacterial component, given the osteogenic/ antimicrobial properties of these chemicals. The hydrogels were formulated using a crosslinker to create a rigid hydrogel capable of supporting bone regeneration while releasing the incorporated chemicals.